Understanding the molecular basis of IRD is vital for clinical and genetic classification of patients.

After reviewing the history of mitochondrial diseases, I follow a genetic classification to discuss new developments and old conundrums.

These data establish the basis for a molecular genetic classification of clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma that could influence treatment decisions in the future.

The RNase-A mismatch method combined with phylogenetic analysis permitted the primary genetic classification of 33 of 35 samples from the WHO Network.

Therefore, we integrated copy-number alteration data from the 8 most commonly deleted genes, subordinately, with established chromosomal abnormalities to derive a 2-tier genetic classification.